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An automated tank cleaning machine is a machine used to clean cargo tanks such as those found in tank trucks, railroad cars, barges, and oil tankers.〔 Genericized trademarks such as Gamajet and Butterworth machine are often used to refer to automatic tank cleaning machines regardless of their manufacturer.〔 ==Operation== Tanks must be cleaned from time to time for various reasons. One reason is to change the type of product carried inside a tank.〔 Another is to allow the tank to be inspected or for maintenance to be performed within a tank.〔Hayler and Keever, 2003:14-12.〕 Automated tank cleaning machines work in a manner similar to an irrigation sprinkler. Hot water forced through a jet nozzle rotates the nozzle. The nozzle's rotation moves the machine through a cleaning pattern.〔 As the water sprays, the liquid is pumped out of the tank.〔 Portable water washing systems are widely used, but tanks that are cleaned frequently may have a fixed system installed.〔 The Butterworth Type K machine is widely used.〔 This model can clean a tank of up to .〔Butterworth, Inc., 2007〕 It uses water with a pressure up to and a temperature of up to .〔 The water jet reaches up to .〔 Depending on the pressure used, a cleaning cycle can take from about 10 to 50 minutes and the machine uses between and per minute.〔 On most crude-oil tankers, a special crude oil washing system, or COW system, is part of the cleaning process.〔 The COW system circulates hot crude oil through the fixed tank-cleaning system to remove wax and asphaltic deposits.〔 Although machines are often used to wash tanks, a final stage of manual cleaning known as mucking, is usually performed.〔 Mucking requires protocols for entry into confined spaces and the use of airline respirators, protective clothing and safety observers.〔 Tank cleaning is dangerous in a number of ways. While tank barges can be cleaned in port, shipboard tanks are generally cleaned at sea.〔OSHA, 2008.〕 This is largely due to risks of fire and explosion inside the tanks.〔 However, with Gamajet tank cleaning machines, confined space entry is greatly reduced eliminating danger to workers. 〔Colbentz, Lindsay. "A Clean Sweep." Food Manufacturing. 20 July 2012. Web. http://www.foodmanufacturing.com/articles/2012/07/clean-sweep Retrieved 4 September 2012. 〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Automated tank cleaning machine」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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